c. Trachea, alveoli, diaphragm, capillaries.
Odd One: Diaphragm
Trachea, alveoli, and capillaries are components of the respiratory system.
Diaphragm is a component of the respiratory system but plays a role in the process of breathing.
d. Neutrophils, globulins, albumins,prothrombin.
Odd One: Neutrophils
Globulins, albumins, and prothrombin are types of proteins found in blood plasma.
Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell (a cellular component of blood).
Maharashtra Board Class 8 Human Body and Organ System Extra QA
Q: What are the different organ systems in the human body?
A: Various organ systems in the body include digestive, respiratory, circulatory, nervous, excretory, reproductive, skeletal, and muscular systems.
Q: Where does energy production occur in cells, and what is needed for it?
A: Energy production occurs within cells. Cells require soluble nutrients and oxygen for energy production, supplied by the respiratory and circulatory systems.
Q: What are the three steps of respiration, and where does each step occur?
A: Respiration consists of external respiration (involving inspiration and expiration), internal respiration (exchange between cells and tissue fluid), and cellular respiration (glucose oxidation for energy).
Q: What is the role of the nose in respiration?
A: The nose, part of the respiratory system, filters air with hair and mucus. It is where respiration begins.
Q: Describe the structure and function of the heart.
A: The heart, a muscular organ, has four chambers (atria and ventricles) and continuously circulates blood through arteries and veins. Heartbeats are essential for blood circulation.
Q: What are the main types of blood vessels, and what are their functions?
A: Arteries carry blood away from the heart, veins carry blood toward the heart, and capillaries facilitate exchange of materials between blood and cells.
Q: What is blood pressure, and why is it important?
A: Blood pressure, exerted on artery walls during heart contraction, is crucial for proper blood circulation. Systolic pressure occurs during contraction, and diastolic pressure during relaxation.
Q: What are the main blood groups, and what is universal donor and recipient?
A: Blood groups include A, B, AB, and O, each with Rh-positive or Rh-negative. Person with blood group O is a universal donor, and AB is a universal recipient.
Q: Why is blood transfusion necessary, and where is blood collected and stored?
A: Blood transfusion is needed for various medical situations. Blood is collected in blood banks from donors, stored in refrigerators, and later supplied to those in need.
Q: What is hypertension, and what are normal blood pressure values?
A: Hypertension is high blood pressure. Normal blood pressure is around 120/80 mm Hg. Systolic pressure occurs during heart contraction, and diastolic pressure during relaxation.
