3) Fertilisation
Fertilization: The process where male and female gametes (sperm and egg) fuse to form a zygote, initiating the development of a new organism, commonly occurring in the reproductive systems of plants and animals.
Write short answers to the following questions.
1) What is reproduction?
Reproduction is the biological process by which new individuals of the same species are produced, ensuring the continuation of the species.
2) Explain briefly:
a. Sexual reproduction
Involves the fusion of male and female gametes, resulting in the formation of offspring with genetic variation.
b. Asexual reproduction
A method of reproduction where new individuals are generated from a single parent, without the involvement of gametes, leading to genetically identical offspring.
c. Pollination
The transfer of pollen grains from the male part (anther) to the female part (stigma) of a flower, a crucial step in sexual reproduction in plants.
4) Write the main differences between sexual and asexual reproduction.
Sexual reproduction involves two parents and produces genetically diverse offspring, while asexual reproduction involves a single parent, resulting in genetically identical offspring.
Sexual reproduction requires the formation and fusion of gametes, while asexual reproduction does not involve gamete formation or fusion.
Sexual reproduction promotes genetic variation, whereas asexual reproduction maintains the genetic consistency of the parent.
5) Explain asexual reproduction in Amoeba through illustrations.
Amoeba reproduces asexually through binary fission. The single-celled organism splits into two identical daughter cells, each receiving a copy of the genetic material.
6) Explain what is regenerative reproduction using an example.
Regenerative reproduction is a form of asexual reproduction where an organism can re-grow a lost body part to form a new individual. An example is the regeneration of a starfish from a severed arm; the arm can develop into a new starfish.
