If you are looking for Class 8 Geography Unit 3 Hydrological Cycle extra que ans , then you are at the right place.
Q: What percentage of the Earth’s surface is covered by water?
A: About 71% of the Earth’s surface is covered by water.
Q: What is the hydrological cycle?
A: The hydrological cycle is a global sun-driven process where water is transported from oceans to atmosphere, from atmosphere to land, and from land back to oceans.
Q: What are the six main components of the hydrological cycle?
A: Evapotranspiration, Condensation, Precipitation, Infiltration, Percolation, and Runoff.
Q: What percentage of Earth’s water is fresh water?
A: Only about 2.80% of Earth’s water is fresh water.
Q: What is evapotranspiration?
A: Evapotranspiration is the total loss of water from the Earth through evaporation from surface water bodies and transpiration from vegetation.
Q: What is condensation in the context of the water cycle?
A: Condensation is the process in which water vapor changes into liquid form, usually occurring when warm air rises, cools, and loses its capacity to hold water vapor.
Q: What are the main forms of precipitation?
A: The main forms of precipitation are rain, sleet, freezing rain, hail, and snow.
Q: What is infiltration?
A: Infiltration is the process where water enters the soil at the surface of the ground.
Q: What is percolation?
A: Percolation is the downward movement of infiltrated water through soil and rock layers.
Q: What factors affect the rate of evaporation?
A: Wind speed, temperature, humidity, and the areal extent of surface water bodies.
Q: What are the different forms of condensation?
A: Dew, frost, fog, mist, and clouds.
Q: How does hail form?
A: Hail forms in cumulonimbus clouds during thunderstorms, with hailstones carried up and down through cold regions by strong updrafts.
Q: What is the difference between infiltration and percolation?
A: Infiltration occurs at the surface, while percolation is the downward movement of water through soil and rock layers.
Q: What are the three types of runoff based on timing?
A: Surface Runoff, Sub-Surface Runoff, and Base Flow.
Q: What percentage of precipitation ends up in seas or oceans?
A: About 35% of precipitation ends up in seas or oceans.
Q: What is transpiration?
A: Transpiration is the process by which water content in plants is released into the atmosphere as water vapor.
Q: What is an aquifer?
A: An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing rock that can hold and transmit water.
Q: How does vegetation affect runoff?
A: Vegetation can reduce runoff by increasing infiltration, slowing water movement, and through transpiration.
Q: What is the importance of the hydrological cycle?
A: It’s crucial for water distribution on Earth, affecting climate, ecosystems, and water availability.
Q: What is freezing rain?
A: Freezing rain occurs when raindrops freeze upon contact with a cold surface, rather than freezing in the air.
Q: What is the difference between fog and mist?
A: Fog reduces visibility to 1,000 m or less, while mist is less dense than fog.
Q: What is base flow?
A: Base flow is the flow of underground water from a saturated groundwater zone to a water channel.
Q: How does temperature affect air’s water-holding capacity?
A: Warm air can hold more water vapor than cool air.
Q: What is the difference between drizzle and rain?
A: Drizzle consists of water drops less than 0.5 mm in diameter, while rain drops are larger than 0.5 mm.
Q: What percentage of atmospheric moisture comes from oceans, seas, lakes, and rivers?
A: Nearly 90% of atmospheric moisture comes from these sources through evaporation.
Q: What is overland flow?
A: Overland flow occurs when rainfall exceeds infiltration rate, causing water to flow over the ground surface.
Q: How does snowmelt contribute to the hydrological cycle?
A: Snowmelt contributes to runoff and groundwater recharge, especially in colder and mountainous regions.
Q: What is interflow?
A: Interflow, or sub-surface runoff, is water that moves laterally through the subsoil without joining the water table.
Q: What is the primary route for water to return to Earth’s surface in the water cycle?
A: Precipitation is the primary route for water to return to Earth’s surface in the water cycle.
