A: The Mongols under Genghis Khan repeatedly attacked the Delhi Sultanate during this period.
Q: Who were the last two dynasties to rule the Delhi Sultanate?
A: The Sayyid and Lodi dynasties were the last to rule the Delhi Sultanate.
Q: What new ruling groups emerged in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?
A: The Afghans and the Rajputs emerged as new ruling groups during this period.
Q: Who was Sher Shah Sur and what did he achieve?
A: Sher Shah Sur was an Afghan leader who defeated the Mughal emperor Humayun and established the Sur empire (1540-1555).
Q: Whose administrative model did the Mughal emperor Akbar follow?
A: Akbar followed the administrative model introduced by Sher Shah Sur.
Q: What was the kharaj tax and how much did it amount to?
A: Kharaj was a tax on cultivation, amounting to about 50 percent of the peasant’s produce.
Q: What was the jizyah tax?
A: Jizyah was a tax imposed on non-Muslims in the Delhi Sultanate.
Q: Who was Minhaj-us-Siraj and what did he write about?
A: Minhaj-us-Siraj was a chronicler who wrote about Raziyya’s rule, expressing discomfort with a woman ruler.
Q: What was unique about Queen Rudramadevi’s rule in the Kakatiya dynasty?
A: Rudramadevi changed her name on inscriptions and pretended to be a man during her rule.
Q: What was the significance of the bandagan in the Delhi Sultanate’s administration?
A: Bandagan were trusted slaves who were appointed to high administrative and military positions, ensuring loyalty to the Sultan.
Q: How did Alauddin Khalji change the land revenue system?
A: Alauddin Khalji brought the assessment and collection of land revenue under state control, cancelling the rights of local chieftains to levy taxes.
Q: What were some challenges faced by the Delhi Sultans in controlling their vast territory?
A: Challenges included maintaining control over distant provinces, dealing with forested areas, and defending against Mongol invasions.
