(2) Cardiac muscles are said to be involuntary muscles:
The heart muscles contract and relax without conscious control. They pump blood throughout the body through rhythmic contractions.To circulate blood, the heart must beat continuously, and this function is controlled by the autonomic nervous system.
(3) Intoxicating substances should not be consumed:
The consumption of intoxicants harms the body directly or indirectly. Alcohol causes damage to the liver, the nervous system, and the digestive system.
(4) Your muscles should be strong and efficient:
Our muscles should be strong and efficient as they perform various important functions in our body. Muscles are important for breathing, digestion, walking, and lifting weights. If we don’t have strong muscles, we will feel tired.
Answer the following.
(a) How many types of muscles are there? Which are those types ?
(a) There are three types of muscles in the human body:
- Skeletal muscles: These are voluntary muscles responsible for body movements. They are attached to bones and allow us to perform various physical activities, such as walking, running, and lifting objects.
- Cardiac muscles: These are involuntary muscles found in the heart. Cardiac muscles contract and relax to pump blood throughout the body. Their continuous rhythmic contractions are essential for maintaining circulation.
- Smooth muscles: Smooth muscles are also involuntary and are found in various internal organs, such as the stomach, intestines, and blood vessels. They control processes like digestion, blood flow, and other vital functions.
(b) What causes the problem of acidity? What is its effect on the body ?
(b) The problem of acidity is primarily caused by the excessive production of stomach acid, particularly hydrochloric acid. This can occur due to various factors, including:
- Consuming spicy or acidic foods.
- Overeating or eating too quickly.
- High-stress levels.
- Infections such as Helicobacter pylori.
- Certain medications.
The excess stomach acid can lead to various symptoms, including heartburn, indigestion, and a burning sensation in the chest or throat. In severe cases, chronic acidity can lead to more serious issues such as gastritis, ulcers, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which can damage the lining of the esophagus.
(c) Name the different types of teeth. What is the function of each type ?
(c) There are four types of teeth in the human mouth:
- Incisors: Incisors are the front teeth and are typically used for cutting and shearing food. They have a flat, sharp-edged surface and are well-suited for biting into food.
- Canines: Canines are the pointed teeth located on either side of the incisors. They are used for tearing food, particularly meat. Their pointed shape helps in piercing and ripping.
- Premolars: Premolars are larger, flat-topped teeth located behind the canines. They have two or more cusps and are used for crushing and grinding food. Premolars help break down food into smaller, more digestible pieces.
- Molars: Molars are the flat, wide teeth located at the back of the mouth. They have multiple cusps and are the primary teeth for grinding and crushing food. Molars are essential for the final stages of food digestion.
