Answer the following
1.Write a brief note on ancient cities of India.
Ancient cities of India were centers of culture, trade, and governance dating back to antiquity. These cities were hubs of economic and social activity, and they played a pivotal role in shaping the historical narrative of the Indian subcontinent.
2.Mention the ancient cities of Tamil Nadu.
The ancient cities of Tamil Nadu included Madurai, Kanchipuram, Poompuhar, Korkai, Vanchi, Thondi, Uraiyur, Musiri, Karuvur, Mamallapuram, Thanjai, Thagadoor, and Kayal, among others.
3.Discuss the sources available to know about Tamil cities.
The sources available to know about Tamil cities include ancient texts such as Sangam literature, Tamil epics (Silappathikaram and Manimegalai), archaeological findings, inscriptions, and accounts of foreign travelers.
4.Write about the kings who ruled Madurai.
Madurai was ruled by various dynasties, including the Pandyas, Cholas, Kalabhras, later Cholas, later Pandyas, and Nayaks.
5.Mention the other names of Madurai.
Madurai is also known as “Sangam Valartha Nagaram” and “Thoonga Nagaram” (the city that never sleeps).
6.What is the difference between Naalangadi and Allangadi.
Naalangadi refers to the day market, while Allangadi refers to the evening market in Madurai.
7.Name the scholars who were born at
Scholars born at Kancheepuram include Dharmabalar, Jothibalar, Sumathi, and Bodhi Dharmar.
8.Which is known as city of lakes? Why?
Kanchi is known as the “city of lakes” due to the presence of hundreds of lakes created for storing water around the town. These lakes were well connected with canals, showcasing the advanced water management skills of the ancient Tamils.
VII. HOTS
1.Write a short note on Iraq.
Iraq, located in western Asia, is renowned for its rich historical heritage and significant contributions to human civilization. The region, historically known as Mesopotamia, is often referred to as the “Cradle of Civilization” due to its role as the birthplace of some of the earliest known civilizations, including the Sumerians, Babylonians, and Assyrians. With a diverse cultural tapestry encompassing ancient civilizations, Islamic history, and contemporary society, Iraq holds a prominent place in the annals of human history. The country’s cultural significance is further enriched by its archaeological sites, such as the ancient city of Babylon and the ziggurat at Ur. Additionally, Iraq’s geographical location has positioned it as a crossroads of trade, fostering interactions with neighboring regions and contributing to its historical and contemporary importance on the international stage.
2.Write a paragraph about the city Poompuhar with special reference to trade.
Poompuhar, an ancient port city along the Bay of Bengal, thrived as a bustling trade hub in ancient Tamilagam. Known for its maritime commerce, Poompuhar facilitated the exchange of goods with foreign merchants, fostering cultural interactions and economic prosperity. The port’s strategic location at the mouth of the river Cauvery made it an essential center for maritime trade, attracting traders from distant lands. Through its active trade networks and bustling port activities, Poompuhar played a vital role in the commercial landscape of ancient Tamilagam.
3.Write about the accounts given by scholars about Kanchi.
Scholars have provided accounts of Kanchi that highlight its significance as an educational center, a place of learning for Jains and Buddhists, and the presence of numerous schools. These accounts also emphasize the town’s reputation for attracting scholars and seekers of knowledge from far and wide, solidifying its status as a renowned seat of learning in ancient times. Additionally, they shed light on Kanchi’s cultural and religious diversity, serving as a melting pot of traditions and knowledge dissemination.
4.City of temples. Give short notes.
Kanchipuram, also known as Kanchi or the “City of Temples,” is a revered pilgrimage destination in Tamil Nadu, India. It is renowned for its numerous ancient temples that showcase stunning Dravidian architecture and intricate carvings. Kanchipuram is steeped in religious significance, with temples dedicated to various deities such as Lord Shiva, Lord Vishnu, and Goddess Kamakshi. The city’s temples attract devotees, history enthusiasts, and architectural marvel seekers from across the globe, making Kanchipuram a hub of spiritual and cultural heritage.
5.Kancheepuram was famous for education. Prove this statement.
Kancheepuram’s reputation as a center for education is substantiated by historical evidence and classical references. The city was highly esteemed for its role in fostering learning and knowledge dissemination during ancient times. The presence of numerous prominent educational institutions, patronage of scholars, and references in literary works and historical records all serve as compelling proof of Kancheepuram’s fame as a hub of education.
Accounts from classical texts, such as references in Sangam literature and Tamil epics, highlight Kancheepuram’s status as a center for scholarly pursuits, where revered poets, philosophers, and intellectuals gathered to exchange knowledge and ideas. Additionally, the recorded visits of renowned scholars and intellectuals, including the Chinese traveler Hieun Tsang, to Kancheepuram for the purpose of advancing their education underscore the city’s significant standing in the realms of learning and academia.
