Class 5 Rocks and Minerals Textbook solutions as well as Extra que answers.
I. Fill in the blanks with correct words:
1. All rocks are made up of minerals.
2. The surface of the Earth is called the crust.
3. Granite is very hard and is formed by the slow cooling of lava.
4. Sedimentary rocks are always formed in layers.
5. Metamorphic rocks are formed due to physical and chemical changes in existing rocks.
II. Write T for True and F for False:
1. Pumice is the only rock that can float. — T
2. Shale is often used to make kitchen counters and bathroom tiles. — F (Granite is used for kitchen counters, not shale)
3. Gypsum and mica are metallic minerals. — F (They are non-metallic minerals)
4. Bauxite is an ore that is rich in aluminium. — T
5. Coal and petroleum are forms of sedimentary rocks. — T
III. Choose the correct option:
1. Which of these is not a layer of the Earth?
a. Core
b. Gneiss ✅
c. Crust
d. Mantle
2. Which of these is an igneous rock that is smooth and glassy?
a. Pumice
b. Obsidian ✅
c. Granite
d. Shale
IV. Match the Columns:
| Column A | Column B |
| ————— | ———————– |
| 1. Gneiss | c. Metamorphic rock |
| 2. Mica | e. Non-metallic mineral |
| 3. Magnetite | d. Metallic mineral |
| 4. Conglomerate | b. Sedimentary rock |
| 5. Obsidian | a. Igneous rock |
Very Short Answer Questions:
Give two examples of the following:
1. Minerals used as building materials:
Gypsum, Calcite
2. Ores:
Magnetite (Iron), Bauxite (Aluminium)
3. Precious metals:
Gold, Silver
4. Gemstones:
Diamond, Ruby
5. Fossil fuels:
Coal, Petroleum
Give one word for the following:
1. Molten rock found inside the Earth — Magma
2. Molten magma that flows out onto the surface of the Earth — Lava
3. Rocks that are formed due to physical and chemical changes in older rocks — Metamorphic rocks
4. Substances that make up rocks — Minerals
5. A substance that can attract iron — Magnet
Answer the following:
1. What are rocks made of? Name the three types of rocks.
Rocks are made up of substances called minerals.
The three types of rocks are:
Igneous rocks
Sedimentary rocks
Metamorphic rocks
2. How are igneous rocks formed? Give two examples of igneous rocks and their uses.
Igneous rocks are formed when molten magma or lava cools and solidifies.
Examples:
Granite – Used in building and kitchen counters.
Obsidian – Used in making ornaments and jewellery.
3. Why are sedimentary rocks formed in layers?
Sedimentary rocks are formed by the deposition of rock particles carried by wind, water, and rivers. Repeated deposition presses down the lower layers, which harden into rocks, forming distinct layers.
4. What are minerals? List any three uses of minerals.
Minerals are natural chemical substances that make up rocks.
Uses of minerals:
Used as building materials (gypsum, calcite)
Used to extract metals like iron and aluminium
Used as gemstones (diamond, ruby)
5. What are fossil fuels?
Fossil fuels are fuels formed from the remains of dead plants and animals buried under pressure over millions of years.
Examples: Coal and Petroleum.
6. What are magnets? Differentiate between natural and man-made magnets.
Magnets are substances that attract iron and objects made of cobalt and nickel.
Difference:
Natural Magnets – Found in nature, e.g., Magnetite.
Man-made Magnets – Made by humans using iron, nickel, or cobalt, available in different shapes and sizes.
Class 5 Rocks and Minerals Extra Short Q&A
Name one rock that can float on water.
Pumice
Which rock is used to make statues and flooring?
Marble
Which rock is formed from sand particles?
Sandstone
Name one mineral used as a gemstone.
Diamond or Ruby
What is the molten rock called when it flows on Earth’s surface?
Lava
Give one use of coal.
Used for cooking, heating, or producing electricity.
Which rock is formed by the cooling of lava and is very hard?
Granite
Name one metallic mineral.
Magnetite or Bauxite
Which rock is formed from the sedimentary rock shale?
Slate
What is used to make cement?
Limestone and Shale
Class 5 Rocks and Minerals Extra Fill in the Blanks
- Rocks are made up of substances called __________. (minerals)
- The molten rock inside the Earth is called __________. (magma)
- __________ rocks are formed by the cooling of lava or magma. (Igneous)
- Sedimentary rocks are always formed in __________. (layers)
- Rocks that undergo changes due to heat and pressure are called __________ rocks. (metamorphic)
- The molten rock that flows out of a volcano is called __________. (lava)
- __________ is a soft rock formed from sand particles. (Sandstone)
- __________ is a very hard rock used in glass and ceramic industries. (Quartzite)
- __________ is a mineral rich in aluminium. (Bauxite)
- Attractive minerals like diamond and ruby are called __________. (gemstones)
- __________ is a fossil fuel formed from dead plant matter. (Coal)
- __________ and cobalt are used to make magnets. (Iron)
- The Earth’s surface is called the __________. (crust)
- Almost 95% of the Earth’s crust is made up of __________ rocks. (igneous)
- __________ is a black, glassy igneous rock used to make ornaments. (Obsidian)
- __________ is formed from limestone and is used to make statues. (Marble)
- __________ is formed from granite and has a striped look. (Gneiss)
- __________ is a rock full of air holes and can float on water. (Pumice)
- __________ is used in making bricks and comes apart in thin layers. (Shale)
- __________ is rich in calcium and is used in cement and whitewash. (Limestone)
- The process of rock particles getting deposited and pressed down forms __________ rocks. (sedimentary)
- The poles of a magnet are called __________ and __________. (North, South)
- Minerals like phosphates and nitrates are used as __________. (fertilizers)
- The sedimentary rock that has rounded stones cemented together is called __________. (Conglomerate)
- __________ is the process responsible for the formation of metamorphic rocks. (Heat and pressure)
- The __________ is the hottest layer of the Earth. (core)
