Class 5 Rocks and Minerals Textbook solutions as well as Extra que answers.
I. Fill in the blanks with correct words:
1. All rocks are made up of minerals.
2. The surface of the Earth is called the crust.
3. Granite is very hard and is formed by the slow cooling of lava.
4. Sedimentary rocks are always formed in layers.
5. Metamorphic rocks are formed due to physical and chemical changes in existing rocks.
II. Write T for True and F for False:
1. Pumice is the only rock that can float. — T
2. Shale is often used to make kitchen counters and bathroom tiles. — F (Granite is used for kitchen counters, not shale)
3. Gypsum and mica are metallic minerals. — F (They are non-metallic minerals)
4. Bauxite is an ore that is rich in aluminium. — T
5. Coal and petroleum are forms of sedimentary rocks. — T
III. Choose the correct option:
1. Which of these is not a layer of the Earth?
a. Core
b. Gneiss ✅
c. Crust
d. Mantle
2. Which of these is an igneous rock that is smooth and glassy?
a. Pumice
b. Obsidian ✅
c. Granite
d. Shale
IV. Match the Columns:
| Column A | Column B |
| ————— | ———————– |
| 1. Gneiss | c. Metamorphic rock |
| 2. Mica | e. Non-metallic mineral |
| 3. Magnetite | d. Metallic mineral |
| 4. Conglomerate | b. Sedimentary rock |
| 5. Obsidian | a. Igneous rock |
Very Short Answer Questions:
Give two examples of the following:
1. Minerals used as building materials:
Gypsum, Calcite
2. Ores:
Magnetite (Iron), Bauxite (Aluminium)
3. Precious metals:
Gold, Silver
4. Gemstones:
Diamond, Ruby
5. Fossil fuels:
Coal, Petroleum
Give one word for the following:
1. Molten rock found inside the Earth — Magma
2. Molten magma that flows out onto the surface of the Earth — Lava
3. Rocks that are formed due to physical and chemical changes in older rocks — Metamorphic rocks
4. Substances that make up rocks — Minerals
5. A substance that can attract iron — Magnet
Answer the following:
1. What are rocks made of? Name the three types of rocks.
Rocks are made up of substances called minerals.
The three types of rocks are:
Igneous rocks
Sedimentary rocks
Metamorphic rocks
2. How are igneous rocks formed? Give two examples of igneous rocks and their uses.
Igneous rocks are formed when molten magma or lava cools and solidifies.
Examples:
Granite – Used in building and kitchen counters.
Obsidian – Used in making ornaments and jewellery.
3. Why are sedimentary rocks formed in layers?
Sedimentary rocks are formed by the deposition of rock particles carried by wind, water, and rivers. Repeated deposition presses down the lower layers, which harden into rocks, forming distinct layers.
4. What are minerals? List any three uses of minerals.
Minerals are natural chemical substances that make up rocks.
Uses of minerals:
Used as building materials (gypsum, calcite)
Used to extract metals like iron and aluminium
Used as gemstones (diamond, ruby)
5. What are fossil fuels?
Fossil fuels are fuels formed from the remains of dead plants and animals buried under pressure over millions of years.
Examples: Coal and Petroleum.
