- Cover water tanks and drain out stagnant water
- Spray insecticides in affected areas
- Use mosquito nets and repellents
- All of the above
Answer: D
[4] How can microorganisms cause food poisoning?
- By spoiling the food
- By producing toxic substances
- By reducing the yield of crops
- By infecting animals
Answer: B
Answer the following questions:
Q: What are microorganisms?
A: Microorganisms or microbes are living organisms that are too small to be seen with the unaided eye.
Q: What are the four major groups of microorganisms?
A: The four major groups of microorganisms are bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and some algae.
Q: What are viruses?
A: Viruses are microscopic organisms that reproduce only inside the cells of a host organism.
Q: What are some common diseases caused by viruses?
A: Common diseases caused by viruses include colds, influenza, and coughs.
Q: What are communicable diseases?
A: Communicable diseases are diseases caused by microorganisms that can spread from one person to another through air, water, food, or direct contact with an infected person or animal.
Q: How can we control the population of mosquitoes?
A: We can control the population of mosquitoes by preventing the accumulation of stagnant water, covering water tanks, using mosquito nets and repellents, and regular fogging and spraying of insecticides in affected areas.
Q: What are some diseases that microorganisms can cause in other animals?
A: Anthrax is a dangerous disease that affects both humans and cattle and is caused by a bacterium. Foot and mouth disease in cattle is caused by a virus.
Q: How can we prevent food poisoning caused by microorganisms?
A: We can prevent food poisoning caused by microorganisms by preserving food to prevent it from being spoiled.
Long Answer Questions
Q: What are communicable diseases and how do they spread?
A: Communicable diseases are microbial diseases that can spread from an infected person to a healthy person through air, water, food, or physical contact. They can be transmitted by pathogens entering the body through the air we breathe, the water we drink or the food we eat, as well as through direct contact with an infected person or an animal carrying the pathogen. Examples of communicable diseases include cholera, common cold, chickenpox, and tuberculosis. When an infected person with a common cold sneezes, fine droplets of moisture carrying thousands of viruses are spread in the air, and a healthy person may inhale them, allowing the virus to enter their body.
Q: What are some examples of insects and animals that act as carriers of disease-causing microbes and how can we control the spread of the diseases they carry?
A: Some examples of insects and animals that act as carriers of disease-causing microbes include the housefly, female Anopheles mosquito (which carries the parasite of malaria), and female Aedes mosquito (which carries the dengue virus). To control the spread of malaria or dengue, it is important to take measures to eliminate mosquito breeding sites, such as removing stagnant water from containers or other areas around the home. Using mosquito nets and insect repellents can also help to prevent mosquito bites, as well as wearing protective clothing. Additionally, public health measures such as community-wide spraying of insecticides may also be employed. Practicing good hygiene, such as covering food and avoiding consumption of uncovered items of food, can help to prevent the spread of diseases carried by insects such as the housefly.
Q: What measures can be taken to avoid the spread of malaria?
A: To avoid the spread of malaria, it is important to prevent the breeding of mosquitoes by not allowing water to collect in coolers, tyres, flower pots, or other areas. Keeping the surroundings clean and dry can also help prevent mosquitoes from breeding. Additionally, using mosquito nets, insect repellents, and wearing protective clothing can help prevent mosquito bites, while community-wide measures such as spraying insecticides may also be employed to control mosquito populations.
Q: What are some examples of diseases caused by microorganisms in animals?
A: Anthrax is a dangerous disease that affects both humans and cattle, caused by a bacterium. Foot and mouth disease is another example, which affects cattle and is caused by a virus. There are many other examples of diseases caused by microorganisms in animals, such as avian influenza, bovine tuberculosis, and rabies, among others.
Q: How can diseases in crops caused by microorganisms be controlled and what is food poisoning?
A: Diseases in crops caused by microorganisms can be controlled by using certain chemicals that kill the microbes. When microorganisms infect crops such as wheat, rice, potato, sugarcane, orange, apple, and others, they can reduce the crop yield. Food poisoning, on the other hand, is caused by the consumption of food that has been spoilt by microorganisms that produce toxic substances. These toxic substances can make the food poisonous, causing serious illness and even death. To prevent food poisoning, it is important to preserve food and prevent it from spoiling.
