Q: What is urbanization?
A: Urbanization refers to the process in which there is an increase in the proportion of population living in towns and cities.
Q: What are the three main factors driving urbanization?
A: The three main factors are natural population growth, rural to urban migration, and the reclassification of rural areas into urban areas.
Q: In what period did urban centers start developing?
A: Urban centers started developing during the pre-historic period, before 10,000 years ago.
Q: How did the Industrial Revolution affect urbanization?
A: The Industrial Revolution in the 19th century accelerated the growth of towns and cities.
Q: What are some consequences of rapid urbanization?
A: Consequences include housing shortages, slum development, overcrowding, inadequate water supply and sanitation, traffic problems, and increased pollution.
Q: What percentage of the world’s population is projected to be urban by 2050?
A: By 2050, 68% of the world’s population is projected to be urban.
Q: When did the global urban population first exceed the global rural population?
A: In 2007, for the first time in history, the global urban population exceeded the global rural population.
Q: Which three countries are expected to account for 35% of the growth in the world’s urban population between 2018 and 2050?
A: India, China, and Nigeria are expected to account for 35% of the growth in the world’s urban population between 2018 and 2050.
Q: What was the largest country of origin for international migrants in 2017?
A: In 2017, India was the largest country of origin of international migrants with 17 million migrants.
Q: How many international migrants were there worldwide in 2017?
A: There were 258 million international migrants worldwide in 2017.
Q: In which regions do female migrants outnumber male migrants?
A: Female migrants outnumber male migrants in Europe, Northern America, Oceania, and Latin America and the Caribbean.
Q: What is transhumance?
A: Transhumance is an example of seasonal migration, typically involving the movement of livestock between different grazing areas.
Q: How can migration lead to the formation of a plural society?
A: The migration of people from different regions towards an urban area can lead to the formation of a plural society with diverse cultures and backgrounds.
Q: What is the relationship between urbanization and pollution?
A: Urbanization often leads to increased pollution of air, water, and soil due to population concentration, industrial activities, and increased vehicle use.
Q: How does migration affect the occupational structure of a population?
A: Migration can influence the occupational structure of the population in both the source and destination areas, potentially affecting the economy of these regions.
