Grassroots Democracy Part 3 Class 6 Extra Question Answers
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Q: What are urban local bodies and why are they important?
A: Urban local bodies are decentralized governance structures in urban areas. They are important because they empower citizens to participate in local decision-making and manage their areas directly, promoting grassroots democracy.
Q: How does the structure of urban local bodies vary based on population?
A: Cities with over 10 lakh population have Municipal Corporations. Those between 1-10 lakhs have Municipal Councils. Smaller towns have Nagar Panchayats. This tiered structure allows for governance appropriate to the size and complexity of the urban area.
Q: What are some key functions of urban local bodies?
A: Urban local bodies are responsible for maintaining infrastructure, managing waste collection and disposal, collecting local taxes, and planning for economic and social development. They also help implement government schemes and provide various civic services.
Q: How do ward committees contribute to urban governance?
A: Ward committees facilitate local activities like health camps and awareness campaigns. They also act as watchdogs, reporting issues like water leaks or damaged roads to authorities, thus serving as a crucial link between citizens and the larger urban body.
Q: What is the historical significance of the Madras Corporation?
A: The Madras Corporation, established in 1688, is the oldest municipal institution in India. It gained the power to levy municipal taxes in 1792, marking the beginning of proper municipal administration in the country.
Q: How can citizens contribute to effective urban governance?
A: Citizens can contribute by following local regulations (e.g., waste segregation), promptly reporting issues, and actively participating in local decision-making processes. This cooperation helps urban local bodies perform their functions more efficiently.
Q: What is the importance of decentralization in urban governance?
A: Decentralization allows local communities to have a direct say in managing their areas, rather than decisions being made by a central authority. This promotes more responsive and tailored governance at the grassroots level.
Q: How do urban local bodies typically fund their activities?
A: Urban local bodies fund their activities through local taxes, fines, and charges for certain services. This financial autonomy allows them to manage and develop their areas according to local needs and priorities.
Q: What is the role of urban local bodies in economic and social development?
A: Urban local bodies have some responsibility for planning local economic and social development. This includes implementing various schemes, improving infrastructure, and creating conditions conducive to local growth and well-being.
Q: How does the Indore Municipal Corporation exemplify effective urban governance?
A: The Indore Municipal Corporation offers a wide range of services, from property tax collection to waste management. Its efficiency is demonstrated by Indore being awarded the cleanest city in India for seven consecutive years under the Swachh Survekshan scheme.
Q: What is the significance of the ward system in urban governance?
A: The ward system divides cities into smaller, manageable units. This allows for more focused attention on local issues and enables citizens to have a closer connection with their representatives and the governance process.
Q: How do urban local bodies differ from rural governance structures?
A: Urban areas have urban local bodies (Municipal Corporations, Councils, or Nagar Panchayats) while rural areas have the Panchayati Raj system. The urban system is generally more complex due to the diverse and dense populations in cities.
Q: What role do urban local bodies play in disaster management?
A: While not explicitly stated in the text, urban local bodies are often involved in immediate response to local disasters, as evidenced by the example of people helping after a house collapse. They likely coordinate with other agencies for larger-scale disaster management.
Q: How does citizen participation differ between urban and rural areas?
A: In rural areas, participation can be more direct due to smaller, more closely-knit communities. In urban areas, participation is often through elected representatives and formal channels, though community initiatives still play a crucial role.
Q: What is the importance of the CRM (Citizen Relationship Management) in urban governance?
A: CRM facilitates various services like issuing marriage certificates, fire services, and addressing citizen grievances. It serves as an interface between the urban local body and citizens, streamlining service delivery and complaint resolution.
Q: How do urban local bodies contribute to public health?
A: Urban local bodies contribute to public health through services like solid waste management, water supply, and organizing health camps. They also maintain public spaces and infrastructure, which indirectly impacts public health.
Q: What is the role of urban local bodies in environmental management?
A: Urban local bodies are involved in environmental management through waste management, tree cutting regulations, and campaigns against single-use plastics. They play a crucial role in implementing local environmental policies.
Q: How do urban local bodies facilitate citizen engagement?
A: Urban local bodies facilitate citizen engagement through ward committees, public meetings, and various channels for reporting issues and requesting services. They also provide platforms for citizens to participate in local decision-making processes.
Q: What is the significance of the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai?
A: The Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai, created in 1865, is one of the oldest urban local bodies in India. It exemplifies the long history of urban governance in the country and the evolution of municipal administration.
Q: How do urban local bodies balance diverse community needs?
A: Urban local bodies must cater to diverse communities within cities. They do this through representation in elected bodies, community consultations, and providing services that cater to different groups’ needs.
Q: What is the relationship between state governments and urban local bodies?
A: While urban local bodies have autonomy in local matters, state governments often set the rules for their functioning. The exact relationship can vary from state to state, influencing the powers and responsibilities of urban local bodies.
Q: How do urban local bodies contribute to infrastructure development?
A: Urban local bodies are responsible for maintaining and developing local infrastructure like roads, water supply systems, and public spaces. They also plan for future infrastructure needs as part of their development planning role.
Q: What is the role of elected representatives in urban local bodies?
A: Elected representatives in urban local bodies serve as a link between citizens and the administration. They represent local interests, participate in decision-making processes, and oversee the implementation of various programs and services.
Q: How do urban local bodies address the challenges of rapid urbanization?
A: Urban local bodies tackle urbanization challenges through infrastructure development, service provision, and urban planning. They must constantly adapt their strategies to handle growing populations and changing urban landscapes.
Q: What is the significance of the 74th Constitutional Amendment in urban governance?
A: While not explicitly mentioned in the text, the 74th Constitutional Amendment (1992) gave constitutional status to urban local bodies. It mandated regular elections and devolution of powers to these bodies, strengthening urban governance in India.
