Learn GSEB Class 9 Social Science Chapter 3 Solutions Movement Towards a New World Which includes Textbook exercises as well as important points from the chapter.
1.Answer the following questions pointwise.
(1) Which circumstances caused the Great Depression (1929-32) ?
Circumstances that caused the Great Depression (1929-32):
- The Wall Street Crash of 1929, where a large number of shares were sold off, leading to a stock market collapse.
- This event triggered a global economic downturn, impacting various nations’ economies.
- It resulted in widespread unemployment, bankruptcies, and a decrease in consumer spending.
- The economic fallout affected industries, banks, and agricultural sectors, leading to a significant decline in production and trade.
- Strict measures such as trade tariffs and protectionist policies exacerbated the economic downturn, contributing to the severity of the Great Depression.
(2) Discuss the factors responsible that caused the World War II ?
Factors responsible for causing World War II:
- Fierce Nationalism: Resentment from the Treaty of Versailles fueled nationalist sentiments in Germany, Italy, and Japan.
- Groupism: Formation of alliances and treaties between nations, leading to heightened tensions globally.
- Militarism: Increased arms production and military buildup in European nations, escalating the potential for conflict.
- Failure of the League of Nations: Ineffectiveness in preventing aggression and maintaining peace among member states.
- Unfair Treaty of Versailles: Imposed harsh penalties on Germany, contributing to Hitler’s expansionist ambitions.
- Imperialistic Ambition of Adolf Hitler: Hitler’s desire for German unity and expansionism led to aggressive actions and annexations of neighboring territories.
- German Attack on Poland: Sparked the outbreak of World War II, leading to widespread conflict.
(3) Write the effects of World War II.
Effects of World War II:
- Economic Effects: Massive destruction and expenditure incurred by nations, leading to economic hardships and a global economic downturn.
- Rise of Communism in China: China embraced communism under Mao Zedong following the weakening of Japan after World War II.
- Beginning of the Cold War: Emergence of tensions between the USA and Russia, leading to a global geopolitical standoff.
- Establishment of the United Nations: Formed to promote peace, security, and cooperation among nations, replacing the ineffective League of Nations.
- Humanitarian Impact: Significant loss of life, displacement of populations, and widespread devastation, particularly in war-torn regions.
- Technological Advances: Advances in military technology and science, including the development and use of nuclear weapons, reshaped warfare and international relations.
Answer the following questions briefly :
(1) Why was the United Nations established ?
The United Nations was established to promote peace, security, and cooperation among nations worldwide, aiming to prevent future conflicts like World War II. It serves as a forum for dialogue, diplomacy, and collaboration to address global challenges and maintain international order.
(2) Explain what the Economic and Social Council, as an organ of the UN, means?
The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) is one of the principal organs of the United Nations responsible for promoting international economic and social cooperation and development. It serves as a platform for discussing global economic issues, coordinating international efforts to address social inequalities, and formulating policies to achieve sustainable development goals. ECOSOC oversees specialized agencies and programs within the UN system focused on economic, social, and developmental issues, working to improve the quality of life for people around the world.
Write short note :
(1) The General Assembly of the UN
- The General Assembly is the principal deliberative and policymaking organ of the United Nations, comprising representatives from all member states.
- It serves as a forum for discussing and addressing a wide range of international issues, including peace and security, development, human rights, and international law.
- Each member state has one vote, and decisions on most issues are made by a two-thirds majority vote.
- The General Assembly adopts resolutions and declarations, sets the UN’s budget and program of work, and elects non-permanent members of the Security Council and members of other UN bodies.
- It convenes annually in regular sessions, with special sessions called when needed to address urgent matters.
(2) The Security Council of the UN.
- The Security Council is the primary organ responsible for maintaining international peace and security, composed of fifteen member states, including five permanent members with veto power (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States).
- It has the authority to take actions such as imposing sanctions, authorizing peacekeeping operations, and issuing binding resolutions to address threats to peace or acts of aggression.
- The Security Council operates on the basis of unanimity among the permanent members and a two-thirds majority of the non-permanent members.
- It can convene emergency sessions to respond to crises and conflicts promptly.
- Despite its central role in global security, criticisms exist regarding its structure, particularly the veto power of the permanent members, which can sometimes hinder decisive action on critical issues.
Answer in one sentence :
(1) Which Treaty was responsible for the World War II ?
The Treaty of Versailles was responsible for World War II.
(2) Who was the German dictator ?
The German dictator was Adolf Hitler.
(3) Name the Italian dictator.
The Italian dictator was Benito Mussolini.
(4) Give the immediate reason of the World War II.
The immediate reason for World War II was the German attack on Poland.
(5) Where is the UN headquarter situated ?
The UN headquarters is situated in New York, USA.
(6) What is Cold War ?
The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension and rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union, characterized by ideological, political, and economic conflicts without direct military confrontation.
Choose the correct options from those given below :
(1) Who started Nazism in Germany?
- (A) Hitler [ Answer]
- (B) Mussolini
- (C) Lenin
- (D) None of them
(2) Who takes care of improving the health of the people of the world?
- (A) WHO [Answer]
- (B) IMF
- (C) FAO
- (D) ILO
(3) Choose the correct option from those given below.
- (A) Fascism began in Germany.
- (B) Mussolini was the German leader.
- (C) The symbol of the Nazi Party was “a bundle of sticks and axe”
- (D) Mussolini established Fascism in Italy.[Answer]
Key Points
Global Trends between the Two World Wars:
- Economic hardships post-World War I led to the rise of dictatorships in various countries like Italy, Germany, and Japan.
- Fascism in Italy under Mussolini, Nazism in Germany under Hitler, and Militarism in
- Japan contributed to the conditions that led to World War II.
- The global depression of 1929-32 exacerbated economic difficulties worldwide, laying the groundwork for the Second World War.
Factors Leading to World War II:
- Fierce Nationalism: Germany, Italy, and Japan harbored resentment from the Treaty of Versailles, leading to aggressive nationalist policies.
- Groupism: Various alliances and treaties formed between nations created a tense atmosphere globally.
- Militarism: European nations competed in arms production, escalating tensions and preparing for war.
- Failure of the League of Nations: Ineffective in preventing aggression by member states and unable to maintain peace.
- Unfair Treaty of Versailles: Imposed harsh penalties on Germany, leading to resentment and fueling Hitler’s expansionist ambitions.
- Imperialistic Ambition of Adolf Hitler: Hitler’s desire for German unity and expansionism led to the annexation of neighboring territories.
- German Attack on Poland: Sparked the outbreak of World War II, leading to widespread conflict.
World War II:
- Divided the world into Allied Nations (led by England and France) and Axis Nations (Germany, Italy, Japan).
- Saw significant destruction and economic repercussions globally.
- Led to the emergence of two superpowers, the USA and Russia, initiating the Cold War.
- Resulted in the establishment of the United Nations in 1945 with aims of promoting peace, security, and cooperation among nations.
Immediate Effects of World War II:
- Economic devastation and massive expenditures incurred by nations.
- Rise of communism in China under Mao Zedong.
- Emergence of the Cold War between the USA and Russia.
- Establishment of the United Nations as a global organization for peace and cooperation.
United Nations:
- Comprises various organs including the General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council, Trusteeship Council, International Court of Justice, and Secretariat.
- Aims to maintain international peace and security, promote economic and social development, uphold human rights, and foster cooperation among nations.
- Various specialized agencies like WHO, IMF, FAO, UNESCO, and UNICEF work under the UN to address specific global issues.
