Maharashtra Board Class 8 Ecosystems, This page includes Fill in the Blanks, TB Q/A, as well as Extra Questions and Answers from the chapter.
Complete the following by using correct option.
- Air, water, minerals, soil are……………factors of an ecosystem.( organic)
- River, ponds, ocean are ……………ecosystems.( aquatic)
- Man is ……. in an ecosystem.( consumer)
Match the following
Producers Ecosystem
- Cactus 1. Forest
- Aquatic plants 2. Creek
- Mangroves 3. Aquatic
- Pine 4. Desert
Match the following:
| Producers | Ecosystem |
| a. Cactus | 4. Desert |
| b. Aquatic plants | 3. Aquatic |
| c. Mangroves | 2. Creek |
| d. Pine | 1. Forest |
Define terms
- Ecosystem: The structure formed by the interaction of living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) factors in a specific environment. It includes the community of organisms and the physical environment they inhabit.
- Biome: A large geographic biotic unit, a major ecological community of plants and animals with similar life forms and environmental conditions.
- Food web: A complex network of interconnected food chains in an ecosystem, showing the flow of energy through various organisms.
Give scientific reasons
Plants in an ecosystem are called consumers.
Plants in an ecosystem are actually called producers because they can produce their own food through photosynthesis, using sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates.
Large dams destroy ecosystems.
Large dam construction causes massive deforestation, disrupting natural habitats and causing extinction of various species. The stored water column puts pressure on the ground, potentially causing earthquakes. Human settlements are being displaced due to houses and fields being submerged. In short, large dams result in significant ecological damage, including deforestation, habitat loss, species extinction, seismic risk, and human displacement.
Rhinos were restored in Dudhwa forest.
One-horned rhinoceros lived in the forests of Dudhwa long ago. However, the rhinoceros was almost extinct due to poaching and hunting. To revive it, attempts were made to breed it in captivity and release the young into natural homes. These efforts were made because it is important to save valuable wildlife.
What are the effects of increased population (of human beings) on ecosystems?
The human population grows much more than that of other animals.
Also, they are the largest consumers in an ecosystem. Like any living organism, man’s ecosystem provides him with all his basic needs.
However, due to large population man wants too much. Human beings use only natural resources.
Changing lifestyle, consumerism, degradation of nature and pollution are some of the man-made issues.
All this has resulted in increased concern for the ecosystem. Human population also creates solid waste.
How is urbanization responsible for destruction of ecosystems?
People migrate to cities due to lack of food and other facilities. The city has industries, factories and other facilities, which provide work to many people. Many people migrate towards cities every day. This makes the city grow. The increasing population in cities requires more housing. This leads to loss of agricultural land, marshy land, wetland, forest and grassland areas.Natural ecosystems have been lost to development. Human intervention changes ecosystems. Changing land use destroys many naturally occurring species.
Notes
Ecological system:
Language: In the ecosystem there is mutual action of living (biological) and non-living (abiotic) components.
Bi-composer: Microorganisms have an important role in converting organic matter from dead plants and animal bodies into inorganic substances; This is why they are called “decomposers”.
Structure of ecological system:
Non-Biological Factors: The biotic factors that affect survival and population numbers are influenced by many abiotic factors, including air, water, soil, sunlight, temperature and humidity.
Niche: The position and role of a living organism in an ecosystem is called its “niche”.
Diversity manifested in ecosystems: There are many ecosystems on Earth, classified on the basis of size, location, climate and types of plants and animals.
Biome: “Biomes” are two major types of ecosystems that are similar in climate and abiotic components: biomes, both underground and aquatic.
