GSEB Class 11 English Unit 4 Convocation Address
How is convocation a beginning and not an end?
Dr. Verghese Kurien said that a convocation is both an end and a beginning for graduating students. It marks the end of their academic journey and the beginning of their professional lives. Getting a degree certifies them as educated, but it’s more important how they use what they’ve learned and apply it to their lives. The future exams will not be set by a university but by the challenges in the real world, and they will have to conquer the changes in society, economics, and politics that are inevitable. Graduation means starting a new journey where they must face and overcome challenges and make a positive contribution to society using their knowledge and skills.
What challenges would the graduates have to face in future?
The graduates will have to face many challenges in their future, like figuring out their life purpose, making tough decisions, handling failures, managing relationships, and adapting to a changing world. The passage suggests that graduation is just the start of a new chapter, and the skills they have learned in university will help them face these challenges with bravery and strength.
How can the farmers share the profit of production?
Farmers can join forces and create cooperative societies or join farmers’ groups or associations to share profits from their production. They can sell their crops together, negotiate better prices, and split the profits equally among themselves. This can help solve the problem of unfair profit distribution and ensure that farmers receive a fair share of the value they create. Farmers can also consider selling their crops directly to consumers as an alternative market to get more value for their produce.
What opposition did the White Revolution face and how was it controlled?
During the White Revolution, some people didn’t like the idea of modernizing the dairy industry and empowering women in rural areas. To handle this, the government used different methods like spreading awareness through campaigns, giving subsidies to farmers, and building infrastructure like milk collection centers, veterinary clinics, and chilling plants. The government also worked with cooperatives and village societies to empower rural communities to take charge of their own development. The government’s ability to handle opposition and implement good policies that benefited farmers and consumers helped make the White Revolution successful.
Write in your own words the message Kurien wished to convey to the graduates.
Dr. Kurien wanted to tell graduates that their education is not only for themselves but for the betterment of society. He asked them to use their knowledge to solve real-world problems. He believed education is not an end in itself, but a way to make society better. He said that graduation is only the start of a new journey, and graduates should keep learning, exploring, and contributing to society throughout their lives.
What was the purpose of Verghese Kurien’s Convocation Address?
The purpose of Verghese Kurien’s Convocation Address was to motivate the graduating students to face the harsh realities of their country and inspire them to become agents of change.
What is Verghese Kurien known for?
Verghese Kurien is known as the “Father of the White Revolution” for his billion-litre idea that transformed India from a milk-deficient nation to the world’s largest milk producer. He also founded institutions like AMUL, GCMMF, IRMA, NDDB which are owned and managed by farmers and run by professionals.
What was the main focus of Verghese Kurien’s speech?
The main focus of Verghese Kurien’s speech was to inspire the graduating students to look forward to the future and to prepare them for the challenges that they will face in the real world. He also discussed his involvement in a new institutional structure for agricultural development and its implications.
Who did Verghese Kurien get involved with in Kaira District and what did they believe could strengthen the farmers’ position?
Verghese Kurien worked with Shri Tribhuvandas Patel and others in Kaira District, Gujarat. They believed that farmers could become stronger by working together, which turned out to be true. They found out that rural communities could become a big dairy enterprise by supporting production, processing, and marketing of dairy products. They also realized that the farmers needed the expertise of professional management to represent their interests honestly, persistently, and with integrity.
What was the outcome of the success of the dairy farmers’ co-operatives in Kaira District and neighbouring areas of Gujarat?
The dairy farmers’ co-operatives in Kaira District were successful, and soon other areas in Gujarat asked for help to organize their dairy farmers. This led to the formation of the National Dairy Development Board on the request of the then Prime Minister, Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri. The establishment of the National Dairy Development Board eventually led to Operation Flood, which aimed to organize dairy farmers into co-operatives across the country.
What is Operation Flood?
Operation Flood is a program that transformed dairy production in India and is known as the “White Revolution”. It aimed to organize dairy farmers into co-operatives on a national level, which led to higher incomes for farmers and moderate price increases for consumers. The program also created a group of farmers who could effectively participate in the democratic process by exerting pressure in their own interest, and the program was managed professionally and efficiently.
What has been the opposition to Operation Flood?
The revolution has faced opposition from politicians, bureaucrats, middlemen, merchants, traders, advanced dairying countries, multinational food companies, and some social scientists. These groups have failed in their opposition to the program due to the fact that farmers have organized and found support from people in high places who welcome the poor to the arena of democratic decision making.
What changes are being made to the co-operative movement and why?
Efforts are being made to update and make the co-operative movement more democratic, with a focus on professional management. This is because co-operatives are viewed as powerful tools for social and economic progress. The goal is to remove government control and give co-operatives back to their members, and to strengthen their structure so that they can better help poor rural producers in India. The speaker hopes that these changes will inspire people to assist rural producers and take advantage of opportunities in the countryside.
