Learn GSEB Class 9 Social Science Chapter 7 Post-Independence India Solutions Which includes Textbook exercises as well as additional question answers.
(1) Explain in brief about the merger of Princely states.
After India gained independence in 1947, one of the major challenges was to integrate the princely states into the newly formed nation. There were 562 princely states, and it was crucial to convince their rulers to accede to India. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, the Home Minister of India, played a significant role in this process. He appealed to the princes to voluntarily join India for the well-being of their subjects and the unity of the nation. Patel assured them of protecting their rights and interests. Committees were formed to negotiate terms, and most princely states except Kashmir, Hyderabad, and Junagadh, acceded to India through instruments of accession.
(2) Discuss in brief about how are the states of Junagadh and Hyderabad merged in the Union of India.
In the case of Junagadh, despite the Nawab’s decision to accede to Pakistan, the people of Junagadh, led by their leaders, expressed their desire to join India. Indian forces intervened, and a referendum was conducted, resulting in Junagadh’s merger with India.
In the case of Hyderabad, the Nizam initially declared independence, but due to its geographical location surrounded by Indian territory, negotiations began. The Indian government, under Sardar Patel’s leadership, insisted on Hyderabad’s accession to India. The Nizam’s officers committed atrocities, leading to Indian intervention. Hyderabad was merged with India using police force in September 1948.
(3) Discuss the process of merger of Goa, Diu, and Daman into the Union of India.
Goa, Diu, and Daman were under Portuguese rule even after India gained independence. Several attempts at negotiation failed, leading to the Indian government launching “Operation Vijay” in December 1961 to liberate the territories. The Portuguese governor surrendered, and Indian forces captured Goa, Diu, and Daman. Subsequently, they were merged with the Union of India in March 1962.
Answers in Brief:
(1) Which appeal did Sardar Patel make to integrate princely States in the Union of India?
Sardar Patel appealed to the rulers of princely states to voluntarily accede to India for the well-being of their subjects and the unity of the nation.
(2) Why was there a necessity to use ‘police’ force in Hyderabad?
The Nizam’s officers in Hyderabad started committing atrocities on the people, prompting the Indian government, under Sardar Patel’s leadership, to use police force to ensure Hyderabad’s merger with India.
(3) Why did the French government agree to relinquish their Indian settlements?
The French government agreed to relinquish their Indian settlements due to strong movements by the people of these colonies who desired to join the Union of India.
(4) What is ‘Operation Vijay’? Why was it carried out?
‘Operation Vijay’ was a military operation launched by the Indian government to liberate Goa, Diu, and Daman from Portuguese rule. It was carried out to integrate these territories into the Union of India.
Short Notes:
(1) Sardar Patel’s contribution in the merger of Princely States:
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel played a pivotal role in convincing the rulers of princely states to accede to India, thereby integrating them into the Union. His leadership and negotiations were instrumental in ensuring the unity of India.
(2) India’s development in the field of Science and Technology:
India has made significant advancements in science and technology since independence. Notable achievements include advancements in space research, nuclear science, agriculture (Green Revolution), and biotechnology. Institutions like ISRO and IITs have contributed to India’s progress in these fields.
(3) Green Revolution:
The Green Revolution in India refers to a period of agricultural transformation characterized by the adoption of high-yielding varieties of seeds, modern agricultural techniques, and increased use of fertilizers and irrigation. It led to a significant increase in agricultural productivity, especially in wheat and rice production, contributing to food security and economic growth.
(4) Regionalism:
Regionalism refers to a strong sense of identity and loyalty to a particular region within a country, often resulting in demands for greater autonomy or even secession. It can arise due to factors like linguistic, cultural, or economic differences between regions.
